New Delhi: HL August 07, 2026
A major scientific study has found that prolonged exposure to high levels of fine particulate air pollution (PM2.5) may significantly increase the risk of death among people undergoing treatment for tuberculosis (TB). According to the research, TB patients exposed to extremely high PM2.5 concentrations before starting treatment faced up to a 66% higher risk of mortality compared to those living in areas with cleaner air.
The study analysed the health records of 61,925 adult tuberculosis patients in Delhi who began treatment between September 2022 and August 2023. Researchers examined the impact of PM2.5 exposure during the 30 days before treatment initiation, identifying this period as particularly critical for patient outcomes.
The findings revealed a clear link between increasing pollution levels and rising mortality risk. Patients exposed to PM2.5 concentrations of 40–80 µg/m³ had a slightly higher risk of death, while the risk increased progressively at 80–120 µg/m³ and 120–160 µg/m³. The highest danger was observed among patients exposed to PM2.5 levels above 160 µg/m³, where the mortality risk rose by as much as 66%.
Researchers noted that PM2.5 consists of microscopic particles capable of penetrating deep into the lungs and entering the bloodstream, worsening respiratory illnesses and weakening the body’s ability to recover from infections such as tuberculosis. Individuals with severe TB or other underlying health conditions may be especially vulnerable to the harmful effects of polluted air.
The study is reported to be one of the largest investigations examining the relationship between air pollution and tuberculosis treatment outcomes in India. The researchers emphasized that improving air quality and reducing pollution exposure before and during TB treatment could play an important role in enhancing survival rates and overall patient recovery.
Health experts say the findings reinforce the need for stronger pollution-control measures, early TB diagnosis, timely treatment, and additional protection for vulnerable populations during periods of poor air quality.
